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LivingSmart’s Legal and Practical Guide to Living Alone (or with a Minor)

Whether you like it or not, your final message to your family will be delivered AFTER your death. If you were caring and considerate enough to leave a will, it will speak for you to those you leave behind. If, however, you failed to put your family’s welfare above your own laziness or superstitions, then that will be your final message to your family. We all profess to love our families, but love is what you do - not what you say.

As you can see, I feel very strongly about this matter and for very good reasons. My first “real”jobs were as a legal secretary and paralegal and I usually worked for family law attorneys who did real estate closings, wills, divorces, etc. I will never forget my first experience with the fireworks that can result when someone dies without a will. In this instance, an elderly woman died without a will and Jeff, one of the attorneys, was meeting with her two adult children to try and sort things out. Less than 20 minutes into the meeting, I heard a loud noise and Jeff came charging out of his office, holding his handkerchief to his bleeding forehead, and he asked me to drive him to the emergency room to get stitches.

During the drive, Jeff told me that the son and the mother both lived locally while the daughter lived many states away so the son and the wife took primary care of the mother. The mother lived in her own house but it was an older home so her son spent a great deal of his spare time doing her yard work, patching roofs, repairing appliances, clogged drains, leaking toilets, replacing air conditioning units, water heaters, and - in general - replacing or repairing everything as the house aged. The son’s wife cooked and cleaned for his mother, ran her errands and got her groceries, etc. The mother had always told both her son and daughter that she was leaving a (much) larger share of the house to her son when she died to compensate him for all of the time and money he spent over the years to enable her to stay in her home until she died. The daughter had always expressed her complete agreement with the plan because she had borne none of the care of her mother for all those years.

I’m sure you are way ahead of me at this point and have guessed that the mother talked a good game but never actually made a will. Jeff told the brother and sister that even though their mother failed to make a will that they could respect her wishes and agree to any sharing arrangement they wanted as it related to the ownership of their mother’s house - or any of her other assets for that matter. Of course, the brother expected that his sister would immediately agree to an equitable sharing arrangement considering his care of their mother over the years and their expectation that he would get a greater share of the estate in a will. Unfortunately, the sister decided that since their mother failed to make a will that it wasn’t her intention for her brother to get more than half her estate so it “wouldn’t be right” for her agree to let her brother have more than half. Apparently, the sister was quite affluent while the brother’s heart was much bigger than his bank account so his sister’s using their mother’s irresponsibility as an excuse to grab more of the estate than she was really entitled to just sent the brother right over the edge and he picked up a stapler and threw it at his sister. Unfortunately, she ducked and Jeff got nailed.

This was just one of the many disasters I witnessed while working for family attorneys. Unfortunately, not all of these things happened to strangers. The mother of my oldest friend - since high school - died suddenly five years ago so I hopped on a plane to go to the funeral and to be there for my friend. Carol was an incredibly accomplished and well liked professional real estate agent who owned her own business - and yet she died without a will and left behind my friend, Chris, and her sister Amber and Cheryl and brother Mike.. Their father had died many years ago and Carol and her four children and 9 grandchildren were a very close and loving family who all got together weekly, spent many weekends together at their mother’s cabin on a lake and Chris and Amber even worked in their mother’s company. Unfortunately, Carol not only died without a will, but she and the two daughters that worked with her failed to put their business arrangement in writing. When going through their mother’s finances, they discovered that she had loaned Mike nearly $100,000 in recent years but she failed to both document the loan or make a will the stipulated that the loan amount would be deducted from Mike’s share of the estate. Because there was no will, Mike was “unjustly enriched” as it was apparent from Carol’s notes that the money was a loan, not a gift and she expected it to be repaid. At the time of Carol’s death, Chris and Amber had real estate sales pending that would have resulted in nearly $200,000 in commissions which should have been split 20% to Carol as owner of the company and 40% each to Chris and Amber. However, because there was nothing in writing and it was her business, the entire $200,000 went into her estate rather than Chris and Amber each getting the $80,000 they should have received.

Cheryl was an honorable person and offered to only take $10,000 from the $200,000 in sale commissions that went to the estate because that is the amount that was the 25% she would have received if her sisters had been paid the commissions they had earned and only $20% of the $200,000 had gone into the estate. Unfortunately, Matt’s business wasn’t doing so well so he wouldn’t agree to limit his share of the $200,000 to $10,000 like Cheryl nor would he agree to have his share of the rest of the estate reduced by the money his mother had loaned him before her death. The net result of Carol’s failure to prepare for her death was the destruction of her family as Chris, Amber and Cheryl haven’t spoken to their brother since all this happened.

No matter your age, it makes no sense for you to fail to prepare for the ONLY certainty of life - which is your eventual death. A will is a gift for those you leave behind so, if you don’t already have one, put it at the top of your “to do” list.

If you live on your own, click here for more on creating your Will…
If you live with someone, click here for more on creating your Wills…

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For all of us non-lawyers, getting a simple answer to even the most basic legal question can be as difficult as it can be (very) expensive.  I don’t know if it’s because attorneys are paid by the hour or they’ve taken some sort of secret oath like a magician not to disclose the secrets of their trade, but sometimes it feels like there’s a conspiracy to keep the rest of us from being able to deal with our basic legal needs more simply and less expensively when it’s reasonable and appropriate to do so.  There’s no way in today’s world that any of us can avoid getting involved with contracts, legal agreements and various types of documents.  So, when we need to formalize a commitment or agreement involving one or more individuals and/or business and other entities, what is most important to us is that at the end of the day all parties involved will do what they agreed to do - either voluntarily or because the courts will force compliance.  That being the case, the number one question we usually ask before deciding whether to create the written agreement ourselves, use a pre-created form or hire an attorney is “will the contract document or legal agreement be legally valid and enforceable?”  That sounds like a pretty easy question right?  Not a chance!

My interaction with the legal community began while I was still in college at Auburn University and I got a part-time job as a paralegal doing title work for a law firm near campus.  Although I had had some paralegal courses in school, I received my practical training from both a junior lawyer and an experienced paralegal from the law firm.  The quality of my training was night and day, depending on who was doing the actual training.  Whenever I asked the attorney direct questions about what actions I should take when certain events occurred during a title search, I would get a lengthy lecture about ALL the possible things that could have happened to lead to these events, his opinion of the appropriateness of the legal actions that possibly lead to the events under discussion and yada, yada, yada.  The only thing that was usually missing from his lengthy response was the actual answer to my question, answers that I needed to do my job. For real answers and meaningful training, my time was much better spent with Anita, the paralegal, who needed to get me trained as soon as possible as well as to teach me to complete the searches fast, fast, fast because the clients paid a set price for each search rather than by the hour

In the decades since I worked as a paralegal, I have hired countless attorneys while working as head of investments for a life insurance company and, in more recent years, as owner of my own investment firm.  From time to time I have asked many of these attorneys what makes a contract, legal agreement or document ‘valid and enforceable.’  Until recently, the responses I have gotten over the years have reminded me of the responses I used to receive from the junior lawyer in Auburn in response to my questions - lots of talking but no meaningful answer.  Finally, just a couple of years ago, a highly regarded and newly retired attorney who specialized in contract law answered that question by telling me the following:

-  If he were given three agreements, one written collectively by the Justices of the U.S. Supreme Court; one is a pre-created form and one is written in crayon by the parties to the agreement, he couldn’t proclaim ANY of them to be valid and enforceable.  He explained that that was because determining whether a contract, legal agreement or document is legally valid and enforceable is the role of the courts as the issue is only relevant if one of the parties to the instrument or a fails to abide by its terms and another party takes them to court or some other party “with legal standing” challenges its validity.

-  No matter who creates a document, legal agreement or contract, any of the parties can challenge any part of it in court for any reason.

-  The more ‘plainspoken’ and clearly written any such instrument is, regardless who created it, the greater the chance that the court will enforce its terms if they are challenged.

-  As long as the parties to any document, legal agreement or contract choose to comply with its terms and conditions, the matter of enforcement or validity isn’t relevant unless challenged by an outside party because the instrument deals with a matter that is contrary to public policy.  The example he gave me was in connection with a common employment contract used in the 1800’s between a manufacturer and an orphanage in which the orphanage agreed to provide 50 twelve year olds to work at the manufacturing company each year.  Once the child labor laws were enacted, the contract became automatically voided even if neither party to the agreement objected to its terms and conditions.

Now that I understand that paying an attorney to draft simple contracts and agreements is no silver bullet and the premium you pay in no way assures the parties that the instrument is “legally valid and enforceable”, I have not only been much more willing to use pre- created contracts and legal agreements but I have also been more willing to create my own very simple agreements and authorizations when the circumstances seem appropriate, especially during these difficult economic times so I can save my legal dollars for more complex matters.

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